What did the early fire engines designed by Richard Newsham utilize?

Richard Newsham is known for his contributions to early fire-fighting technology, particularly in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The early fire engines he designed utilized manual pumps. These manually operated pumps were essential for drawing water and directing it towards the fire, which was a significant advancement in firefighting at that time. The design enabled firefighters to be more effective compared to previous methods, such as using water buckets, which were less efficient and slower in combatting fires.

Manual pumps represented a step forward in fire-fighting technology, laying the groundwork for later developments, including steam-powered engines. The emphasis on manual operation also highlights the labor-intensive nature of firefighting during that era, relying on the strength and coordination of the firefighters themselves to operate the equipment effectively.